China
↔
Mongolia

China-Mongolia Bilateral Trade Analysis 2023

Complete trade statistics: $16.53B total volume •China deficit: $9.62B

China → Mongolia

$3.45B

Exports (2023)

Mongolia → China

$13.07B

Imports (2023)

Trade Balance

$9.62B

Deficit for China

Total Trade

$16.53B

Combined Volume

Trade Flow Visualization

Direct trade relationship between China and Mongolia. Green line shows exports from China, red line shows imports.

Detailed Product Trade Analysis

Comprehensive breakdown of trade flows by product category, revealing the specialized nature of the China-Mongolia commercial relationship and competitive positioning in global markets.

China → Mongolia Exports

$3.45B
2023 Total

Export Market Intelligence

Product Diversity:
Highly Diversified
Market Share:
4.4% top product
1Tractors: road, for semi-trailers
$151.86M
4.4% of exports
2Trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type)
$136.99M
4.0% of exports
3Electrical energy
$132.12M
3.8% of exports
4Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308
$122.53M
3.5% of exports
5Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude: preparations n.e.c. containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or oils from bituminous minerals: these being the basic constituents of the preparations: waste oils
$110.44M
3.2% of exports
6Vehicles: dumpers, designed for off-highway use, for transport of goods
$103.77M
3.0% of exports
7Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling
$95.09M
2.8% of exports
8Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders: with a 360 degree revolving super structure
$57.94M
1.7% of exports
9Machines, for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing etc mineral substances, for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid fuels, ceramic pastes etc, for forming foundry moulds of sand: parts
$53.67M
1.6% of exports
10Electric accumulators: lithium-ion, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)
$52.28M
1.5% of exports

🎯 Strategic Export Focus

China's export portfolio to Mongolia demonstrates strong diversification across multiple sectors, with tractors: road, for semi-trailers representing a key competitive advantage in this bilateral market.

Mongolia → China Imports

$13.07B
2023 Total

Import Dependency Profile

Supply Diversity:
Well Diversified
Critical Imports:
63.5% concentration
1Coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated
$8.30B
63.5% of imports
2Copper ores and concentrates
$2.65B
20.2% of imports
3Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated
$364.03M
2.8% of imports
4Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude
$357.82M
2.7% of imports
5Hair: fine animal hair, not carded or combed, other than of kashmir (cashmere) goats
$187.39M
1.4% of imports
6Zinc ores and concentrates
$127.61M
1.0% of imports
7Nuts, edible: n.e.c. in heading no. 0801 and 0802, fresh or dried, whether or not shelled or peeled
$127.29M
1.0% of imports
8Fluorspar: containing by weight 97% or less of calcium fluoride
$126.25M
1.0% of imports
9Coal: (other than anthracite and bituminous), whether or not pulverised but not agglomerated
$116.48M
0.9% of imports
10Lignite: whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, excluding jet
$103.68M
0.8% of imports

📦 Import Strategy Analysis

China's import pattern from Mongolia reveals significant dependencyin coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, highlighting complementary economic structures and potential supply chain optimization opportunities.

Competitive Trade Position Analysis

🏆

Market Leadership

China demonstrates competitive strength in exportingtractors: road, for semi-trailers to Mongolia, leveraging comparative advantages.

Export Leader in 20+ Categories
🔄

Trade Complementarity

The bilateral relationship showsmoderatecomplementarity, with each country specializing in different sectors.

Specialized Exchange
📈

Growth Potential

The $16.53B trade volume indicates substantial economic integration with room for expansion in emerging sectors.

Major Partnership

Executive Summary: China-Mongolia Trade Relationship

Key Trade Highlights 2023

  • Total Trade Volume: $16.53 billionrepresenting a significant bilateral economic relationship
  • Trade Balance: China maintains a deficit of $9.62 billion
  • Export Focus: China's primary exports include tractors: road, for semi-trailers, trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type), electrical energy
  • Import Dependencies: Key imports from Mongolia include coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, copper ores and concentrates, iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated

Strategic Trade Indicators

Trade IntensityHigh
Export DiversificationDiversified
Trade Balance HealthImbalanced

📈 Market Position: This bilateral trade relationship represents a significant global trade partnerships, with complementary economic strengths driving sustained commercial exchange.

Historical Trade Analysis & Economic Context

Trade Evolution Timeline

2019-2023: Recent Trends

Current trade volume of $16.53B represents the culmination of evolving bilateral commercial relationships, influenced by global supply chain shifts and changing economic priorities.

2015-2019: Growth Period

Sustained expansion in bilateral trade driven by complementary economic structures, with China leveraging its comparative advantages in tractors: road, for semi-trailers.

2010-2015: Foundation Building

Establishment of modern trade frameworks and reduction of barriers, facilitating increased commercial exchange and investment flows between the two economies.

Pre-2010: Early Development

Initial stages of bilateral trade relationship development, with focus on traditional export-import patterns and gradual market integration.

Key Economic Drivers

1

Comparative Advantage

China's specialization in tractors: road, for semi-trailerscomplements Mongolia's demand patterns, creating natural trade synergies.

2

Supply Chain Integration

Deep integration in global value chains has strengthened bilateral linkages, particularly in coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated.

3

Market Access & Trade Policy

Favorable trade agreements and market access conditions have facilitated the growth of this $16.53B bilateral relationship.

Trade Pattern Insights

Trade ComplementarityAsymmetric
Seasonal VariationsModerate
Product ConcentrationLow
Market DependencyHigh
🔮

Trade Relationship Outlook

The $16.53B bilateral trade volume positions this relationship for continued growth, supported by technological advancement, evolving consumer preferences, and strengthening economic ties. Key opportunities lie in expanding cooperation in emerging sectors while managing potential supply chain vulnerabilities.

Economic Impact & Strategic Outlook

Economic Impact Assessment

💰

Trade Volume Impact

The $16.53 billion bilateral trade volume represents a significant economic factorfor both economies.

Economic Significance: High
🏭

Industrial Integration

Trade flows in tractors: road, for semi-trailers and coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated demonstrate deep industrial linkages and supply chain integration.

Supply Chain Integration: Diversified
⚖️

Trade Balance Effects

China's trade deficit of $9.62 billion impacts its overall economic position in this bilateral relationship.

Balance Impact: Import Dependency

Strategic Future Outlook

🚀Growth Opportunities

Emerging Sectors
Technology transfer and innovation cooperation in trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type) present expansion opportunities.
Market Diversification
Beyond current focus on coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, new product categories offer potential for trade expansion.

⚠️Risk Factors

Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
High trade imbalance may create supply chain risks
Market Competition
Global competition in tractors: road, for semi-trailers may affect future market positioning.

🎯Strategic Recommendations

  • Strengthen cooperation in high-value sectors beyond current trade patterns
  • Develop alternative supply chains to reduce dependency risks
  • Explore joint ventures in emerging technology sectors
  • Enhance trade facilitation and reduce transaction costs

Market Position & Competitive Summary

The bilateral trade relationship between China and Mongolia represents a total trade volume of $16.53 billion in 2023. This partnership demonstrates an unfavorable trade balance for China, with imports exceeding exportsby $9.62 billion.

Export Strengths

China's exports to Mongolia total $3.45 billion, with competitive advantages in tractors: road, for semi-trailers, representing $151.86M or4.4% of bilateral exports.

Import Dependencies

Imports from Mongolia amount to $13.07 billion, highlighting economic interdependence in coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, with Coal: bituminous, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated comprising63.5% of total imports.

The trade relationship reflects broader economic patterns and comparative advantages. The trade deficit indicates China's strategic sourcing from Mongolia. This partnership is characterized by complementary trade flows, with each country specializing in different product categories based on their respective economic strengths, industrial capabilities, and position in global value chains.

Download Bilateral Trade Data

Access detailed trade data between China and Mongolia in multiple formats.

Data Source: CEPII BACI (Base pour l'Analyse du Commerce International) • Last Updated: January 2025 • Coverage: 1995-2023