Greece-Germany Bilateral Trade Analysis 2023
Complete trade statistics: $12.34B total volume •Greece deficit: $5.80B
Greece → Germany
$3.27B
Exports (2023)
Germany → Greece
$9.07B
Imports (2023)
Trade Balance
$5.80B
Deficit for Greece
Total Trade
$12.34B
Combined Volume
Trade Flow Visualization
Direct trade relationship between Greece and Germany. Green line shows exports from Greece, red line shows imports.
Detailed Product Trade Analysis
Comprehensive breakdown of trade flows by product category, revealing the specialized nature of the Greece-Germany commercial relationship and competitive positioning in global markets.
Greece → Germany Exports
Export Market Intelligence
🎯 Strategic Export Focus
Greece's export portfolio to Germany demonstrates strong diversification across multiple sectors, with medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale representing a key competitive advantage in this bilateral market.
Germany → Greece Imports
Import Dependency Profile
📦 Import Strategy Analysis
Greece's import pattern from Germany reveals significant dependencyin heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1, highlighting complementary economic structures and potential supply chain optimization opportunities.
Competitive Trade Position Analysis
Market Leadership
Greece demonstrates competitive strength in exportingmedicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale to Germany, leveraging comparative advantages.
Trade Complementarity
The bilateral relationship showsmoderatecomplementarity, with each country specializing in different sectors.
Growth Potential
The $12.34B trade volume indicates substantial economic integration with room for expansion in emerging sectors.
Executive Summary: Greece-Germany Trade Relationship
Key Trade Highlights 2023
- Total Trade Volume: $12.34 billionrepresenting a significant bilateral economic relationship
- Trade Balance: Greece maintains a deficit of $5.80 billion
- Export Focus: Greece's primary exports include medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale, dairy produce: cheese (not grated, powdered or processed), n.e.c. in heading no. 0406, aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)
- Import Dependencies: Key imports from Germany include heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1, medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale, vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1500 but not over 3000cc
Strategic Trade Indicators
📈 Market Position: This bilateral trade relationship represents a significant global trade partnerships, with complementary economic strengths driving sustained commercial exchange.
Historical Trade Analysis & Economic Context
Trade Evolution Timeline
2019-2023: Recent Trends
Current trade volume of $12.34B represents the culmination of evolving bilateral commercial relationships, influenced by global supply chain shifts and changing economic priorities.
2015-2019: Growth Period
Sustained expansion in bilateral trade driven by complementary economic structures, with Greece leveraging its comparative advantages in medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale.
2010-2015: Foundation Building
Establishment of modern trade frameworks and reduction of barriers, facilitating increased commercial exchange and investment flows between the two economies.
Pre-2010: Early Development
Initial stages of bilateral trade relationship development, with focus on traditional export-import patterns and gradual market integration.
Key Economic Drivers
Comparative Advantage
Greece's specialization in medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail salecomplements Germany's demand patterns, creating natural trade synergies.
Supply Chain Integration
Deep integration in global value chains has strengthened bilateral linkages, particularly in heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1.
Market Access & Trade Policy
Favorable trade agreements and market access conditions have facilitated the growth of this $12.34B bilateral relationship.
Trade Pattern Insights
Trade Relationship Outlook
The $12.34B bilateral trade volume positions this relationship for continued growth, supported by technological advancement, evolving consumer preferences, and strengthening economic ties. Key opportunities lie in expanding cooperation in emerging sectors while managing potential supply chain vulnerabilities.
Economic Impact & Strategic Outlook
Economic Impact Assessment
Trade Volume Impact
The $12.34 billion bilateral trade volume represents a significant economic factorfor both economies.
Industrial Integration
Trade flows in medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale and heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1 demonstrate deep industrial linkages and supply chain integration.
Trade Balance Effects
Greece's trade deficit of $5.80 billion impacts its overall economic position in this bilateral relationship.
Strategic Future Outlook
🚀Growth Opportunities
⚠️Risk Factors
🎯Strategic Recommendations
- Strengthen cooperation in high-value sectors beyond current trade patterns
- Develop alternative supply chains to reduce dependency risks
- Explore joint ventures in emerging technology sectors
- Enhance trade facilitation and reduce transaction costs
Market Position & Competitive Summary
The bilateral trade relationship between Greece and Germany represents a total trade volume of $12.34 billion in 2023. This partnership demonstrates an unfavorable trade balance for Greece, with imports exceeding exportsby $5.80 billion.
Export Strengths
Greece's exports to Germany total $3.27 billion, with competitive advantages in medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale, representing $316.35M or9.7% of bilateral exports.
Import Dependencies
Imports from Germany amount to $9.07 billion, highlighting economic interdependence in heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1, with Heterocyclic compounds: with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only, containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure, n.e.c. in item no. 2932.1 comprising11.6% of total imports.
The trade relationship reflects broader economic patterns and comparative advantages. The trade deficit indicates Greece's strategic sourcing from Germany. This partnership is characterized by complementary trade flows, with each country specializing in different product categories based on their respective economic strengths, industrial capabilities, and position in global value chains.
Download Bilateral Trade Data
Access detailed trade data between Greece and Germany in multiple formats.
Data Source: CEPII BACI (Base pour l'Analyse du Commerce International) • Last Updated: January 2025 • Coverage: 1995-2023